The partition that led to the creation of India and Pakistan primarily affected British India in 1947. This division resulted from religious and political tensions, primarily between Hindus and Muslims. The Indian National Congress and the All-India Muslim League had differing visions for India's future. The partition led to the establishment of India as a secular state and Pakistan as a nation for Muslims. The abrupt division caused widespread communal violence, mass migrations, and immense human suffering, with millions displaced as families were torn apart by the new borders. It remains a critical event in South Asian history.