The ancient Greek city-state known for its military prowess and austere lifestyle is Sparta. Renowned for its emphasis on discipline, strength, and martial skills, Sparta was an oligarchic society that prioritized military training and prowess above all. From a young age, Spartan boys were enrolled in rigorous training programs known as the agoge, designed to produce formidable warriors. Spartan women also enjoyed more rights and had a reputation for being independent, as the men were often away for long periods on military campaigns. This distinctive culture led Sparta to play a crucial role in conflicts such as the Peloponnesian War against Athens.