The ancient empire known for its substantial contributions to mathematics and astronomy is the Babylonian Empire. The Babylonians made significant advancements in mathematics, including the development of a base-60 number system that is still used today for measuring time and angles. Their astronomers meticulously recorded celestial events, contributing to the understanding of planetary movements and timekeeping. Works like the Enuma Anu Enlil offered insights into astronomy, influencing subsequent cultures, including the Greeks. The Babylonian methods laid the groundwork for future mathematical and astronomical explorations, showcasing the empire's intellectual legacy.