The Russian Civil War (1917-1922) primarily stemmed from discontent with the Bolshevik government's policies and the political landscape following the October Revolution. Major causes included the conflict between the Bolshevik Red Army and the anti-Bolshevik White Army, opposition from various political factions, and regional nationalists seeking autonomy. The war resulted in significant effects, including the solidification of Bolshevik power, the establishment of the Soviet Union in 1922, and widespread famine and violence. Ultimately, the civil war contributed to immense social and political upheaval, reshaping the course of Russian history and influencing global socialist movements.