The significance of the Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902) for South Africa lies in its role in shaping national identity and precipitating the eventual unification of the country. Conflicts arose between British colonizers and Boer settlers over control of lucrative gold and diamond resources, and the war marked a significant struggle over imperial dominance. The brutal tactics used in the conflict, including concentration camps and scorched earth policies, sparked public outcry and highlighted issues of human rights. The aftermath set the stage for the establishment of the Union of South Africa in 1910 and laid the groundwork for future racial tensions and apartheid policies.