The purpose of the Reformation in Europe, which began in the early 16th century, was to challenge and reform the practices and doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church. Driven by figures like Martin Luther and John Calvin, the movement aimed to address perceived corruption within the Church, such as the sale of indulgences and the quest for greater access to the scriptures. This initiative led to the establishment of Protestant denominations and significantly altered the religious landscape, sparking conflicts between Catholics and Protestants and contributing to the rise of religious pluralism in Europe.