The U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), established in 1824, primarily functions to manage relations between the federal government and Native American tribes. Its objectives include providing education, health care, and economic development support to Native communities. The BIA also oversees the management of tribal lands, ensuring adherence to treaties and regulations designed to protect Native rights. However, it has historically faced criticism for its bureaucratic inefficiency and paternalistic approach. The BIA's role remains vital in addressing issues related to sovereignty, cultural preservation, and social services in a landscape of ongoing advocacy for Indigenous rights and autonomy.