The political significance of the last Sah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, lay in his efforts to modernize and secularize Iran during the 20th century. His policies, part of the White Revolution, aimed at transforming the economy and promoting women's rights. However, his regime faced opposition due to authoritarian practices and widespread corruption. The culmination of discontent led to the Iranian Revolution in 1979, drastically altering Iran's political trajectory and establishing a theocratic system, ultimately influencing regional dynamics and international relations.