The name of the first successful human organ transplant in history was the kidney transplant. This milestone occurred on June 17, 1950, when Dr. Richard Lawler performed the procedure on a patient with chronic kidney disease in Chicago, Illinois. The surgery involved the transplantation of a kidney from a deceased donor into a living recipient. Although the patient did not survive long post-surgery due to complications, this event opened the door for future organ transplant techniques and paved the way for advancements in immunosuppressive therapies, improving the success rates of transplants in later years.