The New Deal, initiated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in response to the Great Depression, significantly transformed the American political landscape. Implemented in the 1930s, it aimed to provide relief to the unemployed, stimulate economic recovery, and reform financial systems. The New Deal established essential social safety nets, like Social Security, and created numerous programs to support job creation, infrastructure development, and banking reform. It expanded the role of the federal government in the economy, fostering a new relationship between citizens and the state. This shift laid the foundation for modern welfare policies and reshaped American political discourse.