The impact of new economic theories during the Enlightenment era was profound, shaping modern economic thought. Thinkers like Adam Smith introduced concepts such as capitalism and the “invisible hand,” advocating that individuals pursuing their interests would ultimately benefit society. These ideas challenged traditional mercantilist practices, promoting free markets and competition. Additionally, classical economics emerged, focusing on the distribution of resources and labor. The Enlightenment's emphasis on rational thought and empirical evidence fostered debates that transformed economic policies and laid the foundation for contemporary economic systems.