The global depopulation caused by pandemics, particularly the Spanish flu, led to profound socioeconomic changes. During the pandemic in 1918-1919, an estimated one-third of the world's population was infected, resulting in millions of deaths. This loss of life drastically affected labor supply, leading to labor shortages and increased wages in some regions. Additionally, the pandemic heightened public health awareness and prompted governments to improve health care systems. In some cases, it spurred shifts towards modernization and public health reforms, influencing future responses to health crises and altering societal perceptions of disease and mortality.