The central issue during the French Revolution was the conflict between the monarchy and the growing demands of the common people for equality, liberty, and fraternity. Sparked by social injustices, economic hardship, and Enlightenment ideas, the Revolution began in 1789 when the Third Estate, representing the common populace, sought representation and rights denied by the aristocracy and the monarch, King Louis XVI. The call for reforms led to the establishment of the National Assembly, the storming of the Bastille, and subsequent radical changes, including the execution of the king. This upheaval aimed to dismantle feudal privileges and establish a more egalitarian society.