The Second Continental Congress convened primarily to address the escalating conflict with Great Britain following the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War in 1775. The Congress aimed to coordinate the colonial resistance against British policies and military actions. It adopted measures such as organizing a Continental Army, appointing George Washington as its commander, and managing war efforts. The Congress also sought diplomatic avenues to foster support from foreign nations, leading to the eventual declaration of independence from Britain in 1776. This gathering represented a crucial step towards unifying the colonies in their quest for sovereignty.