The Underground Railroad played a pivotal role in American history by facilitating the escape of enslaved people from the southern states to northern free states and Canada. This secret network of safe houses and abolitionist supporters operated from the early 19th century until the Civil War, helping thousands to attain freedom. Key figures, such as Harriet Tubman, emerged from this movement, showcasing bravery and commitment to emancipating others. The Underground Railroad not only highlighted the brutal reality of slavery but also fostered a growing abolitionist sentiment in the North, influencing public opinion and contributing to the larger fight for civil rights and the eventual abolition of slavery.