The Spanish Armada played a crucial role in English history as a symbol of the conflict between Spain and England during the late 16th century. In 1588, Philip II of Spain launched the Armada with the intent to overthrow Queen Elizabeth I and restore Catholicism in England. However, the campaign ended in disaster for Spain due to a combination of strategic miscalculations and fierce resistance from the English navy, exemplified by Sir Francis Drake. The defeat marked a turning point, strengthening England's naval power and fostering a sense of national unity, while simultaneously signaling the decline of Spanish dominance in Europe.