The modern conflict that arose over the negligible resources in the Middle East primarily revolves around the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Rooted in historical tensions, national identities, and territorial disputes, this conflict intensified in the mid-20th century following the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948. Key issues include land disputes, refugee rights, and access to resources like water. The conflict has led to repeated violence, political strife, and humanitarian crises, drawing in regional and global powers. Despite numerous peace initiatives, a lasting resolution remains elusive, making the situation one of the most complex geopolitical challenges today.