"Das Kapital," published by Karl Marx in 1867, is the major work that critiques capitalism. In this foundational text, Marx analyzes the capitalist system, focusing on the relationship between labor and capital. He argues that capitalism is characterized by a fundamental conflict between the working class (proletariat) and the owning class (bourgeoisie). Marx explores how capitalism inevitably leads to social inequalities, exploitation, and economic crises. His critiques laid the groundwork for subsequent socialist and communist movements, influencing political ideologies and discussions about labor rights and economic structures worldwide.