The Columbian Exchange refers to the widespread transfer of plants, animals, goods, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages beginning in 1492. It significantly transformed both European and American societies. The exchange introduced new crops, like potatoes and tomatoes, to Europe, enhancing diets and agricultural practices. Conversely, it brought diseases such as smallpox to the Americas, resulting in devastating impacts on indigenous populations. The Columbian Exchange is considered one of the most important events in world history, shaping economies, environments, and societies across the globe.