The historical period that followed the fall of the Roman Empire is known as the Middle Ages or Medieval Period. It roughly spans from the 5th century to the late 15th century. This era was characterized by the fragmentation of political entities and the rise of feudalism. Various kingdoms and empires emerged in Europe as power shifted away from the centralized Roman authority. The Middle Ages also saw significant developments in culture, religion, and technology, including the spread of Christianity, the rise of monasticism, and advancements in agricultural practices. It laid the groundwork for the later Renaissance.