The historical figure known for his influential writings during the Enlightenment is John Locke. His works, particularly "Two Treatises of Government," laid the foundation for modern democratic thought, advocating for natural rights, government by consent, and the separation of powers. Locke's ideas profoundly influenced political philosophy and were pivotal in shaping modern democratic governments. His writings asserted that individuals possess inherent rights to life, liberty, and property, challenging the divine right of kings and promoting the concept of a social contract between the governed and the government.