Albert Einstein is known as the "Father of Modern Physics," primarily due to his groundbreaking contributions to theoretical physics and the formulation of the theory of relativity. His work, particularly the 1905 paper on special relativity and the 1915 paper on general relativity, revolutionized understanding of time, space, and gravity. Einstein's equation, E=mc², expressed the relationship between energy and mass, influencing fields beyond physics, including nuclear energy. His innovative ideas not only transformed the scientific community’s approach to fundamental questions but also changed how we perceive the universe.