The historical event that led to the establishment of the Republic of Texas was the Texas Revolution, which occurred between 1835 and 1836. Discontent with Mexican rule, particularly regarding taxation and restrictions on slavery, Texan settlers, both Anglo and Tejano, galvanized their efforts for independence. Key battles such as the Siege of Bexar and the Battle of San Jacinto culminated in a decisive victory for Texian forces under General Sam Houston, leading to the capture of Santa Anna, the Mexican leader. The Republic of Texas was declared in 1836, showcasing the complex interplay of cultural, political, and territorial tensions in 19th-century North America.