The historical document that outlined the rights of citizens in ancient Rome and influenced later legal systems is the Twelve Tables. Created in the mid-5th century BCE, this codification of laws was pivotal in ensuring that Roman citizens had access to a transparent legal framework. It addressed various legal matters, including property rights, family law, and legal procedures. The Twelve Tables laid the foundation for Roman law, influencing the development of legal principles not only in Rome but also in subsequent legal systems throughout the Western world, emphasizing the importance of law and justice.