The Qing Dynasty was central to the establishment of modern China. Ruling from 1644 to 1912, it marked the final imperial dynasty, overseeing significant territorial expansion and cultural integration. The Qing era saw the influence of Western powers, leading to internal strife and the eventual need for modernization. The decline of the Qing Dynasty prompted revolutionary movements, culminating in the Xinhai Revolution of 1911, which resulted in the establishment of the Republic of China. This transition was pivotal, as it marked the end of millennia of imperial rule and set the stage for the rise of modern nationalism in China.