The term “Cold War” refers to the prolonged period of political tension and military rivalry that emerged after World War II between the United States and the Soviet Union, lasting roughly from 1947 to 1991. This conflict was characterized by ideological battles between capitalism, led by the U.S., and communism, spearheaded by the Soviet Union. Unlike traditional wars, direct military confrontation was avoided; instead, it involved proxy wars, espionage, propaganda, and an arms race, notably resulting in the proliferation of nuclear weapons. The Cold War significantly shaped global politics, alliances, and conflicts, establishing a bipolar world order that influenced international relations for decades.