In the aftermath of the Russian Revolution, Russia underwent critical changes, leading to the establishment of a communist government. In 1917, the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the provisional government and enacted significant reforms. Land redistribution, withdrawal from World War I, and nationalization of industries were implemented to align with Marxist theory. The country experienced a brutal civil war as various factions, including the White Army and foreign interventions, sought to overthrow the Bolsheviks. Ultimately, the communists prevailed, establishing the Soviet Union in 1922, which would play a significant role in global politics for much of the 20th century.