The civilization known for its rich mythology and pantheon of gods is Ancient Greece. The Greeks developed a complex belief system with gods and goddesses who personified various aspects of life, nature, and human emotions. Major deities included Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, and Athena, among many others. The mythology served various purposes, explaining the world around them, providing moral lessons, and influencing culture and art. Greek myths have had a profound influence on Western literature, philosophy, and the arts, surviving through works of literature such as Homer's "Iliad" and "Odyssey" as well as Hesiod's "Theogony."