The Chinese Cultural Revolution, initiated by Mao Zedong in 1966, was characterized by political upheaval, social chaos, and radical ideological campaigns aimed at enforcing communism. Mao sought to eliminate perceived capitalist and traditional elements within Chinese society, encouraging the youth to challenge authority and traditional values. The Red Guards, comprised mainly of young students, played a crucial role in promoting Mao's ideas, leading to widespread persecution of intellectuals, party officials, and perceived enemies. The Cultural Revolution resulted in significant cultural and educational disruptions, extensive human rights abuses, and profound social instability that persisted long after Mao's death in 1976.