The archaeological discovery that revealed significant information about the Indus Valley Civilization was the excavation of the ancient city of Harappa in the 1920s, followed by Mohenjo-Daro. These sites, located in present-day Pakistan, unearthed advanced urban planning, impressive architecture, and intricate drainage systems, indicating a high level of sophistication. Artifacts such as seals, pottery, and tools provided insight into the daily lives, trade, and culture of this ancient civilization, which thrived around 2500 BCE. These discoveries significantly expanded our understanding of early human social organization and urban development in South Asia.