The ancient civilization famous for developing irrigated agriculture is Mesopotamia, often referred to as the "Cradle of Civilization." Located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in present-day Iraq, the societies of Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, and Assyria utilized sophisticated irrigation techniques to enhance agricultural productivity. This enabled them to cultivate crops such as wheat and barley, leading to surplus food production. Surplus allowed for population growth, the establishment of cities, and the development of complex social structures, trade, and written language, including cuneiform. Thus, Mesopotamia's innovations in agriculture significantly influenced the course of human history.