The ancient civilization that had a rich polytheistic religion in Mesoamerica was the Aztec civilization. The Aztecs worshipped a pantheon of gods representing natural forces, agricultural fertility, and warfare. Their religious practices included elaborate rituals, sacrifices, and festivals to honor deities like Huitzilopochtli, the god of war, and Quetzalcoatl, the feathered serpent. This complex belief system was deeply intertwined with Aztec society, influencing art, architecture, and governance.