The term for short bursts of high-intensity exercise followed by rest is known as high-intensity interval training (HIIT). This training method alternates intense exercise periods with recovery, promoting improved cardiovascular fitness and metabolic health. HIIT is efficient for burning calories and enhancing endurance in a shorter time frame compared to traditional workouts. Furthermore, it can lead to increased muscle strength and improved athletic performance, making it a popular choice among fitness enthusiasts and athletes alike.