The health condition characterized by the body's inability to regulate blood sugar levels is known as diabetes. Specifically, individuals with type 1 diabetes have an autoimmune response that destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to insufficient insulin production. In contrast, type 2 diabetes involves insulin resistance, where the body does not effectively use insulin. Both types can result in high blood sugar levels, leading to serious complications if left unmanaged, such as nerve damage, kidney disease, and increased risk of heart disease.