The smallest country in terms of land area is Vatican City. It is an independent city-state enclaved within Rome, Italy, covering approximately 44 hectares (110 acres) or around 0.17 square miles. Vatican City serves as the spiritual and administrative center of the Roman Catholic Church, housing the Pope's residence and significant religious sites, including St. Peter's Basilica and the Sistine Chapel. Despite its small size, it plays a substantial role in global religious affairs, culture, and diplomacy.