The "Iliad" was written by the ancient Greek poet Homer. This epic poem is one of the earliest and most significant works of Western literature, dating back to around the 8th century BCE. The "Iliad" tells the story of the Trojan War, particularly focusing on the Greek hero Achilles and his internal struggles during the conflict. Homer's use of vivid imagery, intricate characters, and themes of honor, fate, and the consequences of war has influenced countless writers and poets throughout history. The "Iliad," along with the "Odyssey," is central to the study of ancient Greek literature and culture.