Charles Darwin is well known for his theory of natural selection. Darwin proposed that species evolve over time through a process in which individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits onto future generations. His groundbreaking work, "On the Origin of Species," published in 1859, challenged the conventional views on species creation and laid the foundations for modern evolutionary biology. Darwin's ideas significantly impacted both science and society, influencing our understanding of biodiversity and the interconnectedness of life.