The instrument that typically has 88 keys is the piano. A standard piano features 52 white keys and 36 black keys, allowing for a broad range of musical expression. The 88-key design has become the industry standard, enabling pianists to play a vast repertoire spanning classical, jazz, pop, and more. The black keys represent the sharps and flats in musical scales, while the white keys are the natural notes. Pianos can be classified into two main categories: grand pianos and upright pianos, each suitable for different environments and uses. The instrument has played a crucial role in music composition and performance for centuries.