The historical figure known for advocating for civil rights is Martin Luther King Jr. He was a prominent leader in the American civil rights movement during the 1950s and 1960s, advocating for nonviolent resistance to combat racial segregation and discrimination. King's vision was rooted in equality, justice, and peace, eloquently expressed through his iconic speeches, including the famous "I Have a Dream" speech delivered during the 1963 March on Washington. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 for his efforts against racial injustice. His legacy continues to inspire movements for equality and human rights worldwide.