Johannes Kepler is the famous scientist known for the laws of planetary motion. In the early 17th century, he formulated three laws that describe how planets orbit the Sun. Kepler's First Law states that planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus. His Second Law explains that a line segment joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time, indicating that planets move faster when closer to the Sun. The Third Law relates the distance of planets from the Sun to their orbital periods, providing a foundation for modern astronomy and celestial mechanics.