The famous doctor known for his contributions to surgery is Dr. Joseph Lister. Lister, a British surgeon in the 19th century, pioneered the use of antiseptic techniques in surgery, dramatically reducing post-operative infections and mortality rates. His work was based on the germ theory of disease developed by Louis Pasteur. Lister introduced the practice of sterilizing surgical instruments and cleaning wounds with carbolic acid, which laid the foundation for modern surgical practices. His innovations transformed surgical procedures and improved patient outcomes, solidifying his legacy as the father of modern surgical antisepsis and significantly impacting healthcare practices worldwide.