The ancient civilization known for building pyramids in Mesoamerica is the Maya civilization. Flourishing from around 250 to 900 AD, the Maya constructed impressive pyramids as part of their urban centers, with notable examples found in sites like Tikal, Chichen Itza, and Palenque. These structures served various purposes, including religious rituals, astronomical observations, and as tombs for elite figures. The Maya also developed a sophisticated understanding of mathematics, astronomy, and writing, contributing significantly to cultural and scientific advancements. Their distinctive architecture, art, and societal organization illustrate the complexity and richness of Mesoamerican history.