The term for the layer of gases surrounding Earth is the atmosphere. The atmosphere is an essential component of our planet, composed primarily of nitrogen (about 78%), oxygen (about 21%), and small amounts of other gases like carbon dioxide and argon. This protective layer plays a crucial role in sustaining life by providing the air we breathe, regulating temperature, and shielding the Earth from harmful solar radiation. The atmosphere is also responsible for weather patterns and climate systems, making it vital for ecosystems and human activities alike.