The scientific classification for the domestic dog is Canis lupus familiaris. This classification places domestic dogs within the Canis genus, which includes other canids like wolves, foxes, and jackals. Domestic dogs are a subspecies of the gray wolf, originating from their domestication thousands of years ago. They have been selectively bred for various traits, leading to the vast variety of breeds seen today, each serving different roles in human society, from companionship to work and assistance in tasks. Their social and adaptable nature has made them one of humanity's closest animal companions.