The primary material used to make glass is silica, which is primarily sourced from sand. When heated to high temperatures, silica melts and can be manipulated into various shapes. Other ingredients, such as soda ash and limestone, are typically added to lower the melting point and improve the glass's durability and workability. Once the mixture cools, it solidifies into a clear or colored solid, depending on the additives. Glass has a wide range of applications, from windows and containers to fiber optics and art, showcasing its versatility and importance in everyday life.