The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution are collectively known as the Bill of Rights. Proposed by James Madison and ratified in 1791, these amendments were created to ensure fundamental individual liberties and limit the power of the federal government. Key rights protected by the Bill of Rights include freedom of speech, religion, assembly, and the right to bear arms, among others. The Bill of Rights reflects the American ideals of democracy and liberty, and its principles arise from the desire to safeguard citizens against potential governmental overreach. This foundational document is a cornerstone of American law and politics.