The main theme of the novel "To Kill a Mockingbird" is the exploration of racial injustice and moral growth. Set in the Deep South during the 1930s, the novel follows Scout Finch and her brother Jem as they navigate their childhood amidst the complexities of prejudice and social inequality. Their father, Atticus Finch, serves as a moral center, defending an African American man, Tom Robinson, falsely accused of raping a white woman. Through the children's eyes, readers witness the harsh realities of racism and the importance of empathy, understanding, and standing up for what is right. The novel ultimately emphasizes the journey towards moral integrity.