The common name for the animal known as 'Canis lupus' is the gray wolf. The gray wolf is a highly social and intelligent carnivore, found in various habitats across North America, Europe, and Asia. These wolves typically live and hunt in packs, which helps them coordinate during hunts and establish territories. Known for their adaptability and complex social structures, gray wolves play a critical role in their ecosystems, particularly in regulating prey populations. Their vocal communications, including howls, are essential for pack cohesion and territorial marking.