The ancient Greek city known as the birthplace of democracy is Athens. In the 5th century BCE, Athens developed a political system that allowed citizens to participate directly in decision-making, distinguishing it from other forms of governance. Citizens, primarily free male landowners, could engage in assemblies to debate and vote on laws and policies. This early form of democracy laid the foundation for modern democratic systems, emphasizing the importance of civic engagement and public discourse. Additionally, Athens became a cultural and intellectual center, fostering advancements in philosophy, art, and drama, influencing western civilization profoundly.