The acronym HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. This virus attacks the body's immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells), which are crucial for fighting infections. Over time, if left untreated, HIV can lead to the condition known as AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), which severely compromises the immune system and makes the body more susceptible to opportunistic infections and certain cancers. HIV is primarily transmitted through unprotected sexual contact, sharing needles, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. Early diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy can effectively manage the virus, allowing individuals to lead healthy lives.